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同一企业的同一产品在相同年份出口到不同目的地的价格会有所不同,我们将其称为价格离散。贸易风险作为一种隐性交易成本,能够从供给和需求两个方面影响产品的出口价格,从而出现价格离散现象;出口产品种数多的企业更加具有风险意识和区别市场差异的能力,因而更倾向于依据目的地差异来调整价格,即价格离散的程度更大。文章基于国家贸易风险与我国2000~2006年海关数据的匹配数据,在“企业-产品-目的地”的细致层面上对以上观点进行了实证检验。研究结果发现:(1)贸易风险对进口方的影响大于出口方;(2)在企业特征方面,企业的出口产品种数、目的地数越多,其价格离散程度越大;(3)在目的地特征方面,目的地之间的差异化程度越大,价格离散程度越大;(4)在高复杂度产品上,更易产生依据目的地信息调整价格的现象;(5)相比中西部地区,东部地区企业更倾向于依据目的地差异调整价格,即风险意识更强。
The same product for the same business in the same year exports to different destinations prices will be different, we will call the price discrete. Trade risk, as an implicit transaction cost, can affect the export price of products from two aspects: supply and demand, resulting in the phenomenon of price discrepancy. Enterprises with more export products have more risk awareness and ability to distinguish market differences and thus The tendency is to adjust prices based on differences in destinations, ie, prices are more discrete. Based on the matching data between the national trade risk and China’s customs data from 2000 to 2006, the article empirically tests the above viewpoints on the detailed level of “enterprise-product-destination”. The results show that: (1) the impact of trade risk on importers is greater than that of exporters; (2) In terms of enterprise characteristics, the more the number of export products and the more destinations, the greater the price dispersion; (3) In terms of destination characteristics, the greater the degree of differentiation among destinations, the greater the degree of price discretization; (4) The more complex products are more likely to result in price adjustment based on destination information; (5) Regions and eastern regions are more likely to adjust their prices based on differences in destinations, ie they are more risk-aware.