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要点提纲类作文历来是高考英语书面表达考查的热点。在2013年英语高考中,有十六套试卷考查了提纲类英语作文,体裁涉及记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文,其特点是提纲体现了文章的层次,又规定了各段大体的内容,为考生提供了写作思路。不过,它的开放性较强,考生可在提纲范围内自由地从日常生活中提取素材,也可在写作过程中自由发挥和陈述。
本文将通过以2013年高考英语江西卷的书面表达题为例,详细探讨要点提纲类作文的写作技巧。
技巧论述:要点提纲类作文写作点拨
笔者有幸参加了2013年江西高考英语书面表达题的阅卷工作。在阅卷过程中,笔者发现,考生存在的问题主要有:审题不过关,要点不全面;时态和人称误用;内容少而空泛,达不到字数要求。
针对以上典型问题,笔者认为,在写要点提纲类作文时必须注意以下几个方面:
第一,认真审题并分析所给出的提纲,认清题目与提纲之间的关系,然后确定文章的主题、文体、表达要点及人称。常言道“磨刀不误砍柴工”,而审题之于写作就如磨刀之于砍柴。为避免遗漏要点,应圈划出内容要点,按一定顺序用数字编好号。同时,要注意内容要点不一定全在内容提示中,可能会散布在书面表达要求及注意事项中。完成草稿后,再次核对所有内容要点,查缺补漏。
第二,每一个要点可以作为文章的一个段落层次。段落的展开应围绕提纲的中心内容,不能偏离,也不能任意增减。
第三,由于要点提纲类作文属于半开放书面表达题,考生需要发挥想象力,根据生活常识,结合自己熟悉的生活内容拓展现有的要点。如2013年陕西卷的书面表达,笔者认为可做如下扩展:
(1)做家务的理由:如一直忙于学习很少帮父母做家务,周末在家有时间,想减轻父母的负担,等等。
(2)做家务的过程:把衣服洗干净,打扫房间、客厅,把家里的东西进行整理和归类,等等。
(3)你的感受:父母亲对你行为的赞赏,你帮助了父母之后的愉快心情,决定以后多做家务,呼吁中学生尽可能做些家务,等等。
当然,考生在拓展内容要点时,要从现有信息出发,不能离题太远,要做到收放自如。
真题详解:
2013年江西卷书面表达写作指导
【真题再现】
星光中学(Xingguang High School)近期举行了一次登山活动。假定你是学校英语报记者,请写一篇短文,报道此次活动。内容包括:
1.时间与地点:4月10日,大青山(Daqing Mo-
untain);
2.活动的过程;
3.你对于这次活动的评论。
注意:1.词数120左右。
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【思路构建】
1.文章结构和要点:这篇书面表达属于要点提纲类作文,要求考生就一次登山活动写一篇新闻报道,是考生熟悉的题材。文章可大体分为三段——首段要简明扼要地说明活动的内容,主体段要用充足的事实展现活动过程,最后发表对活动的看法。
2.时态:一般过去时和一般现在时
3.人称:第一人称和第三人称
4.可用的高级短语与句型:
在校门口集合(meet at the school gate)
坐公交车(take a school bus)
登大青山(climb Daqing Mountain)
到达山顶(reach the top of the mountain)
被……所吸引(be attracted by)
和……一起照相(take photos with sb.)
手拉手(hand in hand)
互相开玩笑(play jokes on each other)
气喘吁吁(be out of breath)
筋疲力尽(be worn out)
在……帮助下(with the help of sb.)
很有意义(be of great significance)
对……有重要作用(play an important role on)
5.可用的连接词:to begin with,after that,in the end,not only...but also,on one hand,on the other hand,however,to be honest,what’s more,in a word,therefore,as far as I’m concerned等。
6.参考句型、模块:
首段:brief introduction(简单介绍)
A mountain-climbing activity was held in Xingguang High School on April 10th.
What impressed me most is...
It’s my pleasure to share my experience with you about...
第二段:the process of climbing Daqing Mountain(登大青山的过程)
Let me introduce the mountain-climbing activity to you. To begin with/First of all, ... After that, ... In the end, ...
末段:evaluation (评价) As far as I’m concerned, ...
Only in this way can we ...
Under no circumstances should we ...
【满分作文】
Recently, an activity named climbing Daqing Mountain was organized by our school. Nearly all on-campus students took part in it, and we enjoyed ourselves quite a lot.
On April 10th, we set off from our school as scheduled. After an hour’s driving, we arrived at the foot of Daqing Mountain. After that, we carried out our adventure. At first, we were very excited and brave. However, after a while, a feeling of tiredness attacked us. Nevertheless,we didn’t give in and eventually we reached the top of the mountain. Tired and exhausted as we might feel, the beautiful scenery viewed from the top made all efforts worthwhile. We are always dreaming of climbing it once again.
From the experience above, not only did it offer us a chance to get close to nature and relax ourselves, but also it taught a meaningful lesson to us. The secret of success lies in nothing but our efforts. Under no circumstances should we give up for the sake of our dreams.
【能力提升】
1.该篇作文思想表达清楚,内容完整,三个段落安排详略得当,结构流畅,条理清晰。
2.文章用词准确、地道,语言功底相当扎实,高级词汇和复杂句式比比皆是。
(1)高级词汇和短语有:take part in,enjoy ourselves,set off,as scheduled,at the foot of,carry out our adventure,a feeling of tiredness,give in,reach the top of the mountain,make all efforts worthwhile,dream of doing,get close to,teach a lesson to,lie in,nothing but, under no circumstances,for the sake of等。
(2)复杂句式有:
①An activity named climbing Daqing Mountain was organized by our school.(被动语态;过去分词作定语)
②A feeling of tiredness attacked us.(拟人手法)
③Tired and exhausted as we might feel, ...(让步状语从句)
④ not only did it offer us a chance to get close to nature and relax ourselves, but also it taught ...(部分倒装;不定式作定语)
⑤Under no circumstances should we give up ...(部分倒装)
3.该考生还巧妙地使用了连接词after that, at first, however, nevertheless, not only ... but also等,使全文结构紧凑,意思连贯。
本文将通过以2013年高考英语江西卷的书面表达题为例,详细探讨要点提纲类作文的写作技巧。
技巧论述:要点提纲类作文写作点拨
笔者有幸参加了2013年江西高考英语书面表达题的阅卷工作。在阅卷过程中,笔者发现,考生存在的问题主要有:审题不过关,要点不全面;时态和人称误用;内容少而空泛,达不到字数要求。
针对以上典型问题,笔者认为,在写要点提纲类作文时必须注意以下几个方面:
第一,认真审题并分析所给出的提纲,认清题目与提纲之间的关系,然后确定文章的主题、文体、表达要点及人称。常言道“磨刀不误砍柴工”,而审题之于写作就如磨刀之于砍柴。为避免遗漏要点,应圈划出内容要点,按一定顺序用数字编好号。同时,要注意内容要点不一定全在内容提示中,可能会散布在书面表达要求及注意事项中。完成草稿后,再次核对所有内容要点,查缺补漏。
第二,每一个要点可以作为文章的一个段落层次。段落的展开应围绕提纲的中心内容,不能偏离,也不能任意增减。
第三,由于要点提纲类作文属于半开放书面表达题,考生需要发挥想象力,根据生活常识,结合自己熟悉的生活内容拓展现有的要点。如2013年陕西卷的书面表达,笔者认为可做如下扩展:
(1)做家务的理由:如一直忙于学习很少帮父母做家务,周末在家有时间,想减轻父母的负担,等等。
(2)做家务的过程:把衣服洗干净,打扫房间、客厅,把家里的东西进行整理和归类,等等。
(3)你的感受:父母亲对你行为的赞赏,你帮助了父母之后的愉快心情,决定以后多做家务,呼吁中学生尽可能做些家务,等等。
当然,考生在拓展内容要点时,要从现有信息出发,不能离题太远,要做到收放自如。
真题详解:
2013年江西卷书面表达写作指导
【真题再现】
星光中学(Xingguang High School)近期举行了一次登山活动。假定你是学校英语报记者,请写一篇短文,报道此次活动。内容包括:
1.时间与地点:4月10日,大青山(Daqing Mo-
untain);
2.活动的过程;
3.你对于这次活动的评论。
注意:1.词数120左右。
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【思路构建】
1.文章结构和要点:这篇书面表达属于要点提纲类作文,要求考生就一次登山活动写一篇新闻报道,是考生熟悉的题材。文章可大体分为三段——首段要简明扼要地说明活动的内容,主体段要用充足的事实展现活动过程,最后发表对活动的看法。
2.时态:一般过去时和一般现在时
3.人称:第一人称和第三人称
4.可用的高级短语与句型:
在校门口集合(meet at the school gate)
坐公交车(take a school bus)
登大青山(climb Daqing Mountain)
到达山顶(reach the top of the mountain)
被……所吸引(be attracted by)
和……一起照相(take photos with sb.)
手拉手(hand in hand)
互相开玩笑(play jokes on each other)
气喘吁吁(be out of breath)
筋疲力尽(be worn out)
在……帮助下(with the help of sb.)
很有意义(be of great significance)
对……有重要作用(play an important role on)
5.可用的连接词:to begin with,after that,in the end,not only...but also,on one hand,on the other hand,however,to be honest,what’s more,in a word,therefore,as far as I’m concerned等。
6.参考句型、模块:
首段:brief introduction(简单介绍)
A mountain-climbing activity was held in Xingguang High School on April 10th.
What impressed me most is...
It’s my pleasure to share my experience with you about...
第二段:the process of climbing Daqing Mountain(登大青山的过程)
Let me introduce the mountain-climbing activity to you. To begin with/First of all, ... After that, ... In the end, ...
末段:evaluation (评价) As far as I’m concerned, ...
Only in this way can we ...
Under no circumstances should we ...
【满分作文】
Recently, an activity named climbing Daqing Mountain was organized by our school. Nearly all on-campus students took part in it, and we enjoyed ourselves quite a lot.
On April 10th, we set off from our school as scheduled. After an hour’s driving, we arrived at the foot of Daqing Mountain. After that, we carried out our adventure. At first, we were very excited and brave. However, after a while, a feeling of tiredness attacked us. Nevertheless,we didn’t give in and eventually we reached the top of the mountain. Tired and exhausted as we might feel, the beautiful scenery viewed from the top made all efforts worthwhile. We are always dreaming of climbing it once again.
From the experience above, not only did it offer us a chance to get close to nature and relax ourselves, but also it taught a meaningful lesson to us. The secret of success lies in nothing but our efforts. Under no circumstances should we give up for the sake of our dreams.
【能力提升】
1.该篇作文思想表达清楚,内容完整,三个段落安排详略得当,结构流畅,条理清晰。
2.文章用词准确、地道,语言功底相当扎实,高级词汇和复杂句式比比皆是。
(1)高级词汇和短语有:take part in,enjoy ourselves,set off,as scheduled,at the foot of,carry out our adventure,a feeling of tiredness,give in,reach the top of the mountain,make all efforts worthwhile,dream of doing,get close to,teach a lesson to,lie in,nothing but, under no circumstances,for the sake of等。
(2)复杂句式有:
①An activity named climbing Daqing Mountain was organized by our school.(被动语态;过去分词作定语)
②A feeling of tiredness attacked us.(拟人手法)
③Tired and exhausted as we might feel, ...(让步状语从句)
④ not only did it offer us a chance to get close to nature and relax ourselves, but also it taught ...(部分倒装;不定式作定语)
⑤Under no circumstances should we give up ...(部分倒装)
3.该考生还巧妙地使用了连接词after that, at first, however, nevertheless, not only ... but also等,使全文结构紧凑,意思连贯。