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目的了解淮安市灌肠类肉制品各生产环节致病菌污染状况及病原学特征。方法根据国家食品安全微生物检测标准检测金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌,使用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)对致病菌进行分子分型,同时对其进行药敏分析。结果 105份样品中,致病菌总体污染率为17.14%,主要致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌。原辅料、中间产品和环境污染率分别为31.82%、29.03%和4.76%。经PFGE分型,沙门菌菌株的基因型比较相近,同源性高,而金黄色葡萄球菌分离株型别分散。经药敏分析,沙门菌对氨苄西林和萘啶酸的耐药菌株最多,而对头孢他啶和头孢西丁不耐药;金黄色葡萄球菌对磺胺甲恶唑的耐药菌株最多,而对头孢噻圬和庆大霉素不耐药。结论金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌是灌肠类熟肉制品生产环节的主要污染菌群,原辅料是主要污染来源。分离出的致病菌大多具有多重耐药性。
Objective To understand the pathogens and etiological characteristics of various pathways of production of enema meat products in Huaian City. Methods Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were detected according to the National Food Safety Microbiological Test Standard. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used for the molecular typing of pathogens, and their susceptibility was analyzed . Results In 105 samples, the overall infection rate of pathogenic bacteria was 17.14%. The main pathogenic bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella. Raw materials, intermediates and environmental pollution rates were 31.82%, 29.03% and 4.76% respectively. By PFGE typing, the genotypes of Salmonella strains are relatively similar, high homology, and Staphylococcus aureus isolates type dispersion. According to the drug susceptibility analysis, Salmonella was most resistant to ampicillin and nalidixic acid, but not to ceftazidime and cefoxitin. Staphylococcus aureus was the most resistant to sulfamethoxazole,圬 and gentamicin are not resistant. Conclusions Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella are the major pollutants in the production process of cooked meats. Raw materials are the main sources of pollution. Most isolated pathogens have multiple drug resistance.