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马克思在《共产党宣言》中提出要消灭私有制,并且分析了三种不同的私有制,即小生产者的私有制、资产阶级的私有制和共产主义的个人所有制。共产主义所要消灭的私有制绝不是一般意义上的私有制,而是特指资产阶级的私有制。小私有制早已被资产阶级私有制无情消灭,资产阶级凭借其资本所有权,奴役他人,无条件的占有劳动者生产的劳动产品,致使社会两极分化。所以共产主义要消灭资产阶级的私有制。在消灭资产阶级的私有制后,在资本主义取得的高度成就基础上重新建立个人所有制。这种个人所有制是建立在生产资料公共占有的基础上的消费品个人占有,它本质上和传统的私有制有着根本区别。
In the “Communist Manifesto,” Marx proposed the eradication of private ownership and analyzed three different types of private ownership: the private ownership of small producers, the private ownership of the bourgeoisie, and communist personal ownership. The private ownership to be eliminated by communism is by no means private ownership in the general sense but rather refers to the private ownership of the bourgeoisie. Small private ownership has long been ruthlessly exterminated by bourgeois private ownership. The bourgeoisie, by virtue of its capital ownership, enslaving others and unconditionally possesses labor products produced by laborers, has polarized the society. Therefore, communism must eliminate the private ownership of the bourgeoisie. After eliminating the private ownership of the bourgeoisie, personal ownership was re-established on the basis of the high achievements made by capitalism. This individual ownership is the individual possession of consumer goods, which is based on the public possession of the means of production. It is fundamentally different from the traditional private ownership.