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市民社会理论不是一成不变的,在学术思想史上曾经历了重大的变迁。传统哲学家把市民社会理解为是政治国家的统一体,是与自然状态相对应的那种状态,黑格尔颠覆了这种理论,指出市民社会是国家和家庭的中间阶段,是一个经济联合体,而国家高于市民社会,国家决定市民社会。马克思再次颠覆了黑格尔的理论,批判了黑格尔关于市民社会的抽象性和神秘性,认为市民社会构成了社会存在的物质生活领域,以物质生产活动为主要内容,进而指出不是国家决定市民社会,而是市民社会决定国家。
Civil society theory is not immutable and has undergone major changes in the history of academic thought. Traditional philosophers understood civil society as the unity of the political state and the state corresponding to the natural state. Hegel subverted this theory and pointed out that civil society is an intermediate stage between the state and the family and an economic union Body, while the state is higher than civil society, the state decided civil society. Marx once again subverted Hegel’s theory and criticized Hegel’s abstraction and mystery about civil society. He thinks that civil society constitutes the field of material life of social existence, and takes material production as the main content, pointing out that it is not a state decision Civil society, but civil society determines the country.