一、引言晶体是原子在三维空间按一定的排列方式周期地重复而成,但在任何实际晶体中都会有不完整的地方,称为缺陷。它们可能是点缺陷、线缺陷或是体缺陷。它们都破坏了原子的规则排列。在晶态半导体中也是这样,这些缺陷在不同程度上影响着半导体的 I. INTRODUCTION Crystals are atoms that are periodically repeated in a three-dimensional space in a certain arrangement. However, there are incomplete places in any actual crystal, called defects. They may be point defects, line defects, or body defects. They all undermine the regular arrangement of atoms. In crystalline semiconductors as well, these defects affect the semiconductor to varying degrees