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单核苷酸多态性(singlenucleotidepolymorphism,SNP)是指DNA序列上的单个碱基变异,它具有分布广、多态信息量大、易于检测和统计分析等优点,被称为继RFLP和微卫星标记后的第三代基因遗传标记。单核苷酸多态性是等位基因间序列差异最为普遍的类型,可作为一种高通量的遗传标记。已建立PCR扩增目标序列及其产物测序和电子SNP(eSNP)等多种发现和检测SNP的方法。大豆等作物也已开展了SNP分析。一些栽培作物种质的多样件不断减少,其结果连锁不平衡(linkagedise鄄quilibrium,LD)增加,这有利于目的基因座上SNP单元型(haplotype)与表型的相关性分析。SNP已在作物基因作图及其整合、分子标记辅助育种和功能基因组学等领域展示了广泛的应用价值。
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a single nucleotide variation in DNA sequence. It has the advantages of wide distribution, large amount of polymorphic information, easy detection and statistical analysis. It is known as the second gene of RFLP and microsatellite Tagged third generation genetic markers. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is one of the most common types of allelic variation and can be used as a high-throughput genetic marker. A number of methods for detecting and detecting SNPs have been established, including PCR amplification of target sequences and their product sequencing and electronic SNPs (eSNPs). Soybean and other crops have also been SNP analysis. In some cultivars, the diversity of germplasm is continuously reduced, and the linkage disequilibrium (LD) increases. This facilitates the analysis of the correlation between haplotypes and phenotypes at the locus of interest. The SNP has demonstrated a wide range of applications in crop gene mapping and its integration, molecular marker-assisted breeding and functional genomics.