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通过表型聚类和SSR分子标记聚类研究了国内外57份棉花种质的遗传多样性。结果表明,品种间遗传相似系数在0.45~5.56之间,说明供试种质具有较大的遗传变异。根据UPGMA法构建聚类树状图,基于产量性状的聚类,在平均遗传距离4.0水平上,可将57份材料分为3类,第一类衣分最高,平均值达38.22%,单株皮棉产量也达到最高,平均值为29.35 g;第二类的籽指、单株籽棉产量和单株铃数最高,其平均值达12.05 g、76.73 g和23.60个;第三类铃重最大,为5.54 g。基于纤维品质性状的聚类,在阈值3.96时也可分为3类,第一类整齐度和马克隆值最高,平均值分别为48.04%和4.36;第二类的纤维长度及伸长率最大,平均值分别为31.57 mm和7.11%,第三类的比强度最大,为36.18 cN/tex。基于SSR分子标记的聚类,57份材料也可聚为三大类。不同聚类方法的结果间存在一定差异,可能与不同方法反映的多态性水平不同。各种聚类结果都表明,同一国家的品种遗传差异较小,国家间品种差异较大,但也存在明显的相互渗透,多数品种没有表现出明显的地域差异。
The genetic diversity of 57 cotton germplasms at home and abroad was studied by phenotypic clustering and SSR molecular marker clustering. The results showed that the genetic similarity coefficient of cultivars ranged from 0.45 to 5.56, indicating that the tested germplasm had a large genetic variation. Based on the UPGMA method, a cluster dendrogram was constructed. Based on the cluster of yield traits, at the average genetic distance of 4.0, 57 materials could be divided into three categories. The first type of lint had the highest average value of 38.22% The lint yield reached the highest value with an average of 29.35 g. The second category had the highest seed yield and boll number per plant, with an average value of 12.05 g, 76.73 g and 23.60. The third group had the largest boll weight, Is 5.54 g. The clustering based on fiber quality traits can also be divided into three categories at the threshold of 3.96, the first type of uniformity and micronaire value are the highest, with the average values of 48.04% and 4.36 respectively. The second type has the largest fiber length and elongation , With the average values of 31.57 mm and 7.11%, respectively. The third type had the highest specific strength of 36.18 cN / tex. Based on SSR molecular marker clustering, 57 materials can also be grouped into three broad categories. There are some differences between the results of different clustering methods, which may be different from the level of polymorphism reflected by different methods. The result of clustering shows that the genetic diversity of breeds in the same country is small and the breeds in different countries are quite different. However, there are obvious mutual infiltration, and most of the breeds do not show obvious regional differences.