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理性假设下,供应链运作过程中出现牛鞭效应也会出现反牛鞭效应,在考虑牛鞭效应与反牛鞭效应联合作用下分别构建二级供应链合作博弈模型与n级供应链合作博弈模型,得到Nash均衡策略,构建合作Nash均衡下供应链上订货模型,并通过数值算例验证订货模型及牛鞭效应特性与反牛鞭效应特性交替作用的最优化局势优于传统视角的消除牛鞭效应带来的供应链优化.研究表明:供应链上下游在周期内表现出牛鞭效应特性与反牛鞭效应特性的交替作用,会使得供应链整体上市场需求偏差减少、运作成本降低.贡献在于给出消除牛鞭效应的新思路,从整体上消除牛鞭效应或反牛鞭效应,使得整条供应链不管是短期的还是长期都是最优的,在长期还会给供应链企业带来显著的战略优势.
Under the rational assumption, the bullwhip effect also appears the anti-bullwhip effect during the operation of the supply chain. Under the joint action of the bullwhip effect and the anti-bullwhip effect, the two-level supply chain cooperation game model and the n-level supply chain cooperation game Model, the Nash equilibrium strategy is obtained, and the ordering model of the supply chain under cooperative Nash equilibrium is established. The numerical example is used to verify that the ordering model and the optimization of the interaction between the bullwhip effect and the anti-bullwhip effect are superior to the traditional one. The research shows that the upstream and downstream of the supply chain show the alternating effect of the bullwhip effect and the anti-bullwhip effect in the cycle, which will lead to the decrease of the market demand deviation and the operation cost of the whole supply chain. The contribution is to give a new idea to eliminate the bullwhip effect, eliminate the bullwhip effect or the anti-bullwhip effect as a whole, so that the entire supply chain, whether short-term or long-term are the best, in the long term will supply chain enterprises Bring significant strategic advantage.