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实验法是体育科学研究常用的研究方法之一,更是体育科学研究领域探讨因果关系的核心方法。实验设计是实验研究的灵魂,是保证实验研究有效的前提和基础。基于此目的,总结了体育科学实验研究设计常见的10个问题,包括:研究设计缺乏理论依据,系列实验研究间的关联缺乏条理,实验设计类型不清晰、组间变量与组内变量混淆,单因素设计替代多因素设计,非平衡的多因素组合实验违背了实验的均衡原则,重复测量实验设计没有平衡顺序误差,缺乏有效的对照导致内部效度较低,研究样本量偏小导致实验结果的可重复性差,实验室实验忽视了实验真实性和心理真实性对生态学效度的影响,实验设计缺乏有效的统计检验。具体分析了每一个问题对实验效度的影响,进而提出了改进实验设计的对策。
Experimental method is one of the commonly used research methods in sports science research. It is also the core method to explore causation in the field of sports science research. Experimental design is the soul of experimental research, which is the prerequisite and foundation for ensuring effective experimental research. For this purpose, 10 common problems in the design of sports science experiment are summarized, including: lack of theoretical basis for research design, lack of connection between series of experimental studies, unclear experimental design types, confusion between group variables and group variables, single Multi-factor design alternative factor design, unbalanced multi-factor combination experiment violates the principle of equilibrium experiment, repeated measurement experiment design does not balance the sequence error, the lack of effective control leads to lower internal validity, the sample size is too small lead to experimental results Repeatability is poor. Laboratory experiments ignore the influence of experimental authenticity and psychological authenticity on ecological validity. Experimental design lacks effective statistical test. The impact of each problem on the experimental validity is analyzed in detail, and then some countermeasures to improve the experimental design are put forward.