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在城镇化背景下,农村青年既是外出务工潮的主力军,又是当前创业潮的引领者。在一般现状描述基础上对创业者分化进行研究,有利于深入理解农村青年的创业特征和趋势。以我国中部QS镇6村为例的田野调查展现农村创业者的年龄、创业领域、创业时间和创业收入四个特征。从创业者与市场关系的不同性质,可以把创业模式划分为嵌入基层市场的“小微企业”和脱嵌基层市场的“规模企业”两类,并从目标、手段、风险与政府的关系进行比较分析。这两类企业既可能是合作共赢的性质,也可能是竞争排斥的性质,这取决于规模企业的扩张模式。从惠及更多创业者角度建议,地方政府应支持以合作组织为基础的纵向一体化的农村创业形式。
In the context of urbanization, rural youth are not only the main force in going out for work-spans, but also the leaders of the current wave of entrepreneurship. Researching on the differentiation of entrepreneurs based on the general status quo helps to understand deeply the entrepreneurial characteristics and trends of rural youth. The field survey of 6 villages in QS town in central China shows four characteristics of rural entrepreneurs’ age, starting a business, starting a business and starting a business. From the different nature of the relationship between the entrepreneur and the market, the entrepreneurial model can be divided into two categories: “micro-enterprise” embedded in the grassroots market and “scale enterprise” Government relations comparative analysis. Both types of enterprises may be both win-win cooperation and competitive exclusion, depending on the expansion mode of large-scale enterprises. From the perspective of benefiting more entrepreneurs, local governments should support vertically integrated forms of rural entrepreneurship based on cooperative organizations.