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民间法的识别是指当事人对民间习惯的证明以及法官对该习惯的认可程序,是民间法进入司法过程的前提。民间习惯是法律的渊源之一,此命题充其量为民间习惯进入司法过程提供了合法性,但没有可操作性,而民间习惯进入司法过程需要进一步的当事人举证和法官的识别过程。民间习惯的调查与汇编可以视为民间法识别的一个理论环节,可为民间法提供直观的物质载体,为民间法识别提供直接和直观的证据。在司法实践中,只有经过证明的民间习惯才能作为法律渊源而得到法官的引用,该证明义务应由主张习惯的一方当事人承担。识别相关案件中的民间规则乃是法官的职权,在当下中国属于自由裁量的范畴。
The identification of civil law refers to the parties’ proof of folk customs and the judge’s recognition of this habit. It is the prerequisite for civil law to enter the judicial process. Folk custom is one of the sources of law. This proposition provides the legitimacy for the folk custom to enter the judicial process at the most, but it has no maneuverability. However, the folk custom into the judicial process needs further testimony of the parties and the identification process of the judge. The investigation and compilation of folk customs can be regarded as a theoretical link of civil law identification, providing an intuitive material carrier for civil law and providing direct and visual evidence for the identification of civil law. In judicial practice, only certified folk custom can be cited as a source of law by a judge, and the burden of proof should be borne by the party claiming the habit. It is the judge’s authority to identify the civil rules in the relevant cases. In the moment, China belongs to the category of discretion.