我们有各种制度,我指的制度是广义的,包括政府制定的法律制度,也包括社会规范、文化、价值观念等等。人类社会的这些制度,我们简单叫游戏规则,是自发演进的结果,不是一个计划的产物。比如西方的商法源自中世纪后期私人之间交易的一些规则,最后总结为商法。但我们要认识到,有一些人在这当中发挥了非常重要的作用,我把这些人叫做“制度企业家”。英文 We have a variety of systems. The system I refer to is broad, including the legal system enacted by the government. It also includes social norms, cultures, values, and so on. These systems of human society, we simply called the rules of the game, is the result of spontaneous evolution, not a product of the plan. For example, the Western commercial law originated from some rules of private transactions in the late Middle Ages, and concluded as commercial law. However, we must recognize that some people play a very important role in this process. I call these people “institutional entrepreneurs.” English