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摩擦系数和镦锻比是影响管坯镦锻分流面尺寸的两个重要因素，但管坯的长度达到某一数值时，管坯中部的某一段相当于在无摩擦的条件下镦锻，必然会引起应力状态的改变，从而在管坯内壁形成环形空穴，最终可能形成折叠。当管坯长径比很大时，为了防止在镦锻过程中产生折叠现象，在设计聚料工步时，通常要遵循镦锻规则。为减少镦锻过程中的聚料工步数，在传统规则的基础上，给出了中部带法兰的管件在镦锻时的限制条件，并将此条件应用于空心抽油杆的镦锻。此外，为有利于管坯聚料，空心抽油杆的模具型腔可设计成与心轴锥度相反的倒锥形。
Friction coefficient and upsetting ratio are two important factors that affect the upsetting manifold surface size. However, when the length of the tube reaches a certain value, a certain section in the middle of the tube blank is equivalent to upsetting under the condition of no friction, Will lead to changes in the state of stress, thus forming annular hollow tube wall, the final may form a fold. When the tube length to diameter ratio is large, in order to prevent the collapse of the upsetting process, the design of the polymer step, usually to follow upsetting rules. In order to reduce the number of steps of polymer material in upsetting process, on the basis of the traditional rules, the conditions of the tube with flange in the middle during upsetting are given, and this condition is applied to upsetting of hollow rod . In addition, to favor tube stock, the cavity geometry of a hollow sucker rod can be designed to be inverted cone-shaped in opposition to the mandrel taper.