在目前的原子核物理中,已发现了二千多种核素,但绝大数核素是不稳定的,它们能自发地放出射线,从一种核素变为另一种核素。原子核的这种自发衰变过程称为原子核的放射性衰变。放射性衰变不仅在生产技术和医学上获得广泛应用,对理论上研究原子核的放射性规律与射线性质也是有意义的,可以帮助我们了解原子核的结构和特性。本文讨论原子核的α衰变。 In the current nuclear physics, more than two thousand species have been found, but the vast majority of them are unstable and they spontaneously emit rays that change from one species to another. This spontaneous decay of the nucleus is called the radioactive decay of the nucleus. Radioactive decay is not only widely used in production technology and medicine, it also makes sense to theoretically study the radiation law and radiation properties of the nucleus, which can help us understand the structure and characteristics of the nucleus. This article discusses the alpha decay of the nucleus.