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初中语文修订课本第四册新课文《读书四法》,是一篇以介绍读书方法为内容的说明文。文章短小精悍,不仅语言简明准确,而且篇章结构完整严谨,对于初中生学写说明文是很好的借鉴。本文仅从其过渡方法的运用上加以分析,以便于学生把握文章的总体构成。过渡,古人称之为“文章筋节所在”。(唐彪语)顾言思义,是说过渡是一种“连”的艺术。“夫人之立言,因字而生句,积句而成章,积章而篇成”(刘勰《文心雕龙·章句》),而句与句,段与段之间总是要求衔接紧密的,如果在该连接处而没有连接,文章就会显得支离破碎。这就需要过渡。《读书四法》中的过渡的应用大致有这样两个特点:一是在“总——分”和“分——总”的开合关键处运用了过渡。《读书四法》是一篇阐释与介绍并用的说明文。作者根据自己多年的自学体会,对点线读书法、比较读书法、预测读书法、存疑读书法进行了分析与综合,其目的是使读者了解并掌握四种读书方法从而指导读书实践。
The new text of the fourth edition of the textbook for the revision of junior high school textbooks is a text explaining the reading method. The article is short and refined, not only concise and accurate language, but also a complete and rigorous chapter structure, which is a good reference for junior high school students to learn to write an expository. This article analyzes only the use of its transitional methods to facilitate students’ understanding of the overall composition of the article. In the transition, the ancients called it “the place where the article ribs are located”. (Tang Yi) Gu Yan’s thought means that the transition is a kind of “connected” art. “Women’s words are spoken, words are used to produce sentences, verses are made up of chapters, and accumulations of chapters are made into pieces” (Liu Yuwen’s Wen Xin Diao Long Zhang Shuo), and sentences and sentences, between paragraphs and paragraphs, always require a close connection. If there is no connection at the connection, the article will appear fragmentary. This requires a transition. The application of the transition in the Four Readings Act has roughly two characteristics. First, the transition is applied at the key points of the opening and closing of the “general-minute” and “minute-total”. The “Four Readings Act” is an explanation and introduction. Based on his years of self-study experience, the author analyzed and synthesized the dot-line reading method, the comparative reading method, the predictive reading method, and the doubtful reading method. Its purpose is to enable the reader to understand and master the four reading methods and thus guide the reading practice.