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冬小麦新品种的选育与栽培措施的改良可以有效提高子粒矿质元素含量,以补充人体对矿质营养元素摄入的不足。筛选近60年山东省推广面积连续3年超过6.67万hm~2(100万亩)的地方品种、引进品种和选育品种37份为试验材料,研究试验材料不同部位对土壤矿质元素的吸收。研究结果:土壤中含量最多的6种矿质元素在冬小麦子粒中的含量为K>Mg>Ca>Al>Fe>Na,相同年份冬小麦子粒中的6种矿质元素含量在不同肥力处理之间差异小。冬小麦颖壳中的6种矿质元素含量为K>Ca>Mg>Al>Fe>Na,冬小麦茎叶中的6种土壤矿质元素总体为K、Ca、Mg、Al、Fe、Na依次降低的趋势。肥力的高低对子粒中6种土壤矿质元素的含量影响不大,而不同年代之间存在差异。在6种土壤矿质元素中,Al、Fe、Na、K、Ca含量表现为颖壳>茎叶>子粒,Mg含量为颖壳>子粒>茎叶。
Breeding of new winter wheat varieties and improvement of cultivation measures can effectively increase the content of mineral elements in grains to supplement the human body’s inadequate intake of mineral nutrients. Thirty-seven varieties of cultivars and 37 varieties were selected as test materials to study the uptake of soil mineral elements in different parts of the test materials in the past 60 years in Shandong Province, which exceeded 667,000 hm ~ 2 (1 million mu) for three consecutive years. The results showed that the content of six mineral elements with the most content in soil was K> Mg> Ca> Al> Fe> Na in winter wheat. The content of six mineral elements in the same year winter wheat was different among different fertility treatments . The contents of six mineral elements in winter wheat glume were K> Ca> Mg> Al> Fe> Na. The contents of mineral elements in six kinds of soil were K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe and Na, . The level of fertility had little effect on the content of mineral elements in 6 kinds of soil in the grain, but differed from one generation to another. In the six soil mineral elements, the content of Al, Fe, Na, K and Ca showed glume shell> stem leaf> granule, Mg content was glume shell> granule> stem leaf.