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奥克塔维亚·希尔是 1 9世纪英国的慈善家和女性环境主义者 ,更是一位杰出的住房改革家。鉴于伦敦贫民区肮脏、拥挤的状况 ,她修建了低成本、低租金的廉价实用住房 ,租给贫困者 ,并亲自实施经营管理 ,与房客建立良好的私人关系、帮助房客养成卫生习惯和自助精神、教育房客提高社区意识和责任感 ,同时 ,调动各方积极因素 ,整治环境 ,开辟公共空间 ,改善城市普通居民的生活条件。与当时英国政府解决住房问题的政策法规和实际举措相比 ,希尔的改革具有更为特殊的价值 :她以私人经营的方式 ,把政府的政策落到了实处 ,而且通过人性化管理 ,帮助贫困者树立积极的人生态度 ,弥补了国家政策和政府管理的不足。希尔的改革受到广泛赞扬 ,1 881年被英国“慈善组织协会”誉为“奥克塔维亚·希尔制度” ,在英国和爱尔兰推广 ,并且传播到欧洲大陆和美国。
Octavia Hill, a philanthropist and feminist environmentalist in England in the 19th century, is an outstanding housing reformer. In view of the dirty and overcrowded conditions in London’s slums, she built low-cost, low-rent, affordable and affordable housing for the poor, rented it to her own hands and run her own business, establishing good personal relationships with tenants and helping tenants develop hygiene practices and Self-help, educate tenants to raise community awareness and responsibility, at the same time, mobilize the positive factors of all parties, rectify the environment, open up public space, improve the living conditions of ordinary urban residents. Compared with the policies, regulations and practical measures of the British government at that time to solve the housing problem, Hill’s reform was of even more special value: she implemented the government’s policy in a privately-run manner and helped the poor through humane management Those who establish a positive attitude to life make up for the lack of national policies and government management. Hill’s reform was widely praised. In 1881, it was hailed as the “Octavian Hill” by the British “Association of Charitable Organizations,” promoted in Britain and Ireland, and spread to the European continent and the United States.