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民主政制的正当性论证,是现代政治哲学的基础论题,其中的一些理论难题迄今没有世所公认的答案。自然状态论是现代民主政制理论的基石,然而,政治哲学中的自然状态论并非17世纪的西方理论家的发明,古希腊的政治理论中最为成形的自然状态论见于柏拉图的著名对话《普罗塔戈拉》中的普罗米修斯神话。智术师普罗塔戈拉史称西方第一位政治学家,他通过编造普罗米修斯神话提出了一种政治的自然起源说。但与17世纪的哲人通过自然状态论来论证民主政制不同,普罗塔戈拉的自然状态论却是要论证君主制的正当性。可见,自然状态论也可以证明民主政制的正当性难以成立。
The legitimacy of democratic political system is the basis of modern political philosophy, some of the theoretical problems so far have not been recognized as the world’s answer. However, the state of nature theory in political philosophy is not invented by Western theorists in the 17th century. The most formative state of nature in ancient Greek political theory is found in the famous dialogues of Plato Prometheus myth in Tagore. The intellectuals, Protagoras, the first western political scientist, put forward a political natural origin by creating the myth of Prometheus. However, unlike the 17th-century philosophers who argued that democratic constitutionalism is based on natural state theory, Protagoras’s natural state theory is to demonstrate the legitimacy of monarchy. It can be seen that the natural state theory can also prove that the legitimacy of a democratic political system is hard to establish.