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本文在系统研究典型组合条件下的模拟试样断口和对实物断轴进行全面失效分析的基础上,提出了铁路车轴疲劳断口的特征和以上述特征为判推进行失效分析的思路。讨论了在谱载荷下近门槛区的裂纹扩展特性,以及谱载荷下影响轮座压装部裂纹扩展剩余寿命的主要因素和它们相关的系列值。最后简述了防止车轴断裂的主要措施。
Based on the systematical research on the fracture of the simulated specimen under the typical combination conditions and the complete failure analysis of the broken shaft, the characteristics of the fatigue fracture of the railway axle and the thinking of the failure analysis based on the above characteristics are proposed. The crack propagation characteristics in the near-sill zone under the spectral loading and the main factors that affect the residual life of crack propagation in the wheel-seat pressuring section under spectral loading are discussed. Finally, the main measures to prevent the axle breakage are outlined.