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在松嫩平原典型黑土农田 ,通过不同施氮水平的田间试验 ,研究了旱田主要作物对氮素的肥料效应 ,得出玉米、小麦氮肥与产量的数学模型。玉米施氮量 141kg/hm2 ,可达到最高产量 ;小麦施氮量 131kg/hm2 可达到最高产量。但在目前肥料与产品价格的比例下 ,经济合理施肥量 ,玉米施氮量 111kg/hm2 小麦施氮量 90kg/hm2 ,可稳定获得较高的施肥利润。通过对氮素平衡盈亏状况的分析与评价 ,认为黑土农田氮素平衡有44 %以下的赤字 ,并不影响作物产量 ,是允许范围内的赤字。
In a typical black soil farmland in the Songnen Plain, nitrogen fertilization effects of main crops in upland fields were studied through field experiments with different nitrogen levels. Mathematical models of nitrogen and yield of maize and wheat were obtained. Maize nitrogen rate of 141kg / hm2, can achieve the highest yield; wheat nitrogen application rate of 131kg / hm2 can achieve the highest yield. However, under the current ratio of fertilizers to the price of the products, the economic and reasonable fertilization amount, the nitrogen application rate of 111 kg / hm2 and the nitrogen application rate of 90 kg / hm2 for maize can obtain a higher fertilization profit stably. Through the analysis and evaluation of the balance of profits and losses of nitrogen balance, the deficit of 44% or less of nitrogen balance in black soil farmland is considered, which does not affect the crop yield and is a deficit within the allowable range.