对于小学生而言,作文水平是衡量学生语文学习质量的重要方面。对于教师而言,作文教学比阅读和口语交际教学更难,付出努力却收效甚微,目前我国小学生的写作能力并不理想。我国学者曾做过一些调查研究,结果发现:小学生写作中的观察和理解能力、分析和概括能力、思维能力和表达能力等都存在不足。因此,了解小学生作文能力的构成因素以及影响作文能力提高的原因,并采取有效的教学改革就显得尤为必要和紧迫。 For pupils, the composition level is an important aspect to measure the quality of students’ Chinese learning. For teachers, composition teaching is more difficult than reading and oral communication teaching, with little effort but little effect. At present, the writing ability of Chinese primary school students is not ideal. Chinese scholars have done some research and found that pupils’ abilities of observation and comprehension in writing, deficiencies in analyzing and summarizing, thinking and expressing abilities exist. Therefore, it is very necessary and urgent to understand the compositional factors of primary school students’ composition ability and the reasons that affect their ability to improve composition, and to take effective teaching reform.