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嫦娥三号要准确在月球预定区域内实现软着陆,关键是着陆轨道与控制策略的设计。首先,用物理图解法建立三维坐标系和开普勒定律,求出嫦娥三号近远月点的坐标和速度大小,结果表明与基准数据误差较小。其次,以燃耗最优为指标,综合考虑速度约束和落点位置以及着陆的安全性,应用归一化的二体模型,得到燃料最优的软着陆轨道。对嫦娥三号探测器推动力进行了敏感性分析。
Chang’e III to accurately achieve a soft landing in the scheduled area of the moon, the key is the landing trajectory and control strategy design. First of all, the three-dimensional coordinate system and Kepler’s law were established by physical illustration, and the coordinates and velocity of Chang’e III near and far moon points were obtained. The results showed that the error was small compared with the baseline data. Secondly, taking the fuel consumption as the optimal index, taking into account the speed constraints and the landing location as well as the landing safety, the normalized two-body model is used to obtain the optimal fuel-landing trajectory. Sensitivity analysis of the propeller of Chang’e III was conducted.