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引入了江海直达运输模式和投资约束的概念,对已有的长江干散货运输网络进行优化,并比较了江海直达与江海联运2种运输模式的特点。根据中国内河航运成熟性市场的特质和航运企业滚动规划的经营特征,以最小运营成本与最小船舶投资成本为目标函数,建立了集成处理运输模式选择、航线配船和船型更新的模型。简化了模型的时间维度,设计了基于背包问题的拉格朗日松弛算法,并应用A集团数据求解模型。分析结果表明:当以现行模式的航运总成本为基准点,在引入江海联运模式后,航运总成本可下降2%左右;在引入江海直达运输模式后,航运总成本的最大下降幅度超过8%,但财务风险会增大;当资金成本率为7%且不考虑投资约束时,成本节约效应可提高16.2%,但投资净预算将会上升60.1%。从最优航线配置可以看出,在不同航线上,江海直达与江海联运2种运输模式应协同使用。
The concept of direct transport mode and investment constraint in Jianghai Sea was introduced to optimize the existing Yangtze dry bulk shipping network and to compare the characteristics of two modes of transport between Jianghai direct transport and Jianghai sea transport. According to the characteristics of China’s inland shipping maturity market and the rolling business planning characteristics of shipping companies, a model of integrated handling mode selection, route allocation and ship type updating was established with the objective of minimum operating cost and minimum shipping cost. The time dimension of the model is simplified. Lagrange relaxation algorithm based on knapsack problem is designed and A group data model is applied. The results show that the total cost of shipping can decrease about 2% when the total shipping cost of the current mode is taken as the base point and the mode of Jiang-Hai intermodal transport is introduced. After the direct mode of transportation is introduced, the maximum total cost of shipping drops more than 8% , But the financial risk will increase. When the capital cost rate is 7% and the investment constraint is not considered, the cost saving effect can be increased by 16.2%, but the net investment budget will increase by 60.1%. From the optimal route configuration can be seen in different routes, Jianghai direct and Jianghai transport modes of transport should be used in conjunction.