目的:估计中国季节性流感（简称流感）的健康影响及经济负担。方法:利用系统文献检索获得我国2006-2017年流感相关流感样病例超额门急诊就诊率、严重急性呼吸道感染住院率和呼吸系统疾病超额死亡率（不含中国香港、澳门和台湾数据），结合我国2019年人口学数据，在人群层面估计全国流感相关健康负担，包括门急诊就诊、住院和死亡例数。结合流感相关门急诊和住院病例人均经济负担，以及早亡所致生产力损失估计流感每年造成的总体经济负担；成本数据采用居民消费价格指数调整到2019年。结果:我国平均每年流感导致的流感样病例超额门急诊就诊例数为300万，严重急性呼吸道感染住院病例数为234万，呼吸系统疾病超额死亡例数为9万。流感相关总经济负担为263.81亿元，占2019年国内生产总值的0.266‰，其中流感相关住院的经济负担所占比例最高（86.4%，227.88亿元），其次为门急诊的经济负担（11.3%，29.72亿元），早亡所致生产力损失的间接经济负担最低（2.4%，6.21亿元）。华东地区总经济负担较重（105.12亿元），东北地区较轻（3.82亿元）。结论:2006-2019年我国每年流感所致就诊及住院负担较重，住院相关经济负担高于门急诊就诊和早亡所致生产力损失；华东地区总经济负担较重。“,”Objective:To estimate the health impact and economic burden of seasonal influenza in mainland China.Methods:From systematic literature reviews, we collected the influenza-associated excess influenza-like-illness (ILI) outpatient consultation rates, hospitalization rates of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) and respiratory excess mortality, 2006-2017. Using these data, as well as demographic data (2019), the number of influenza-associated excess ILI outpatient consultations, SARI hospitalizations and respiratory excess deaths were estimated. Then using per capita economic burden of influenza-associated outpatient consultations and hospitalizations, as well as the productivity loss of influenza-related premature deaths, the annual influenza-associated total economic burden was estimated. All costs were adjusted to 2019 using the consumer price index.Results:The annual influenza-associated excess ILI outpatient consultations, SARI hospitalizations and excess respiratory deaths were 3 million, 2.34 million, 0.09 million, respectively. The total economic burden was 26.38 billion CNY, accounting for 0.266‰ GDP in 2019, of which the hospitalization-related economic burden accounted for the highest proportion (86.4%, 22.79 billion CNY), followed by the outpatient-related economic burden (11.3%, 2.97 billion CNY), and the indirect economic burden of productivity loss of premature deaths was the lowest (2.4%, 0.62 billion CNY). Largest economic burden was observed in East China (10.51 billion CNY) and smallest observed in Northeast China (0.38 billion CNY).Conclusion:The health burden of influenza-related outpatient visits and hospitalizations were substantial. The economic burden of influenza-related SARI hospitalization was higher than that of influenza-related outpatients and pre-mature deaths. The highest economic burden of influenza occurred in the East China.