恩格斯指出:“农业是整个古代世界的决定性的生产部门”(《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》)。我国农业的发展,耕作制度的形成和变革,具有悠久的历史。大体说来,在原始社会,新石器时代便出现了原始农业。原始农业的规模很小,耕作方法极其粗放,一般是先砍倒树木,放火烧光,利用磨制的石犁、石锄开荒耕种,处于“刀耕火种”的阶段。 Engels pointed out: “Agriculture is the decisive productive sector of the entire ancient world” (“the origin of family, private ownership and state”). The development of agriculture and the formation and reform of farming system in our country have a long history. In general, primitive agriculture emerged in the Neolithic Age in Primitive Society. The original agriculture is very small scale, farming methods are extremely extensive, generally first cut trees, set fire to light, the use of polished stone plow, stone hoe open cultivation, in the “slash and burn” stage.