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目的分析茂名市放射工作人员职业性外照射受照剂量与机体损伤效应之间的关系,为提出放射工作场所的整改措施提供科学依据。方法以2010年576名茂名市电离辐射工作人员做为研究对象,监测其受照剂量;选取150名健康医务工作者作为对照组,同时分析2010年职业健康检查资料(包括临床检查和实验室检查)。结果放射工作人员的眼晶状体混浊检出率(25.52%)明显高于对照组(9.33%),并有随工龄增加而上升的趋势;外周血白细胞和中性粒细胞减少检出率除了年接触剂量<1 mSv和工种为普通放射组的放射工作人员与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义外,其他年接触剂量≥1mSv的各剂量组和工种为工业探伤组、介入放射组与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义。结论不同辐射剂量、工种、工龄对放射工作人员的健康影响主要表现为皮肤损伤、眼晶状体混浊、外周血细胞和中性粒细胞减少等,并随着年接触剂量、工龄增加异常检出率增加。
Objective To analyze the relationship between exposure dose of occupational external radiation and damage effect of body in radiographers in Maoming and provide a scientific basis for putting forward corrective measures in radiation work place. Methods Fifty-six (566) ionizing radiation workers in Maoming were selected as research objects in 2010 to monitor their exposure dose. 150 healthy medical workers were selected as control group. At the same time, occupational health examination data (including clinical examination and laboratory examination ). Results The detection rate of ophthalmic lens opacity (25.52%) in radiation workers was significantly higher than that in control group (9.33%), and increased with the increase of working age. The detection rate of peripheral white blood cells and neutropenia was significantly higher than that of annual exposure Radiation workers whose dose was less than 1 mSv and whose working class was general radiotherapy group had no significant difference with the control group. The other dose groups and trades with annual exposure dose ≥1mSv were industrial testing group, and the interventional radiotherapy group was compared with the control group , The differences were statistically significant. Conclusion The effects of different doses of radiation, types of work and working hours on the health of radiation workers are mainly manifested as skin damage, opacity of lens, peripheral blood cells and neutropenia. With the increase of annual exposure dose, the increase of working age anomaly is observed.