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目的:通过服用双歧杆菌三联菌散与安慰剂进行比较,对益生菌预防早产儿严重NEC效果进行评价。方法:来自4家医院NICU的早产儿共240例,随机分成益生菌组和对照组,比较两组严重NEC、败血症、住院时间、益生菌相关败血症发生情况。结果:益生菌组121例,对照组119例,两组在性别、胎龄、出生体重、产前使用激素、剖腹产、窒息、多胎等情况无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。益生菌组有5例(4.13%)出现II期以上的NEC,对照组II期以上的NEC有14例(7.33%),益生菌组严重NEC发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。益生菌组出现败血症7例,对照组16例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。益生菌组早产儿未发现益生菌相关败血症。结论:早产儿预防性服用益生菌可以降低严重NEC、败血症的发生率和缩短住院时间。
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention of severe NEC in preterm infants by taking Bifidobacterium triple inoculum and placebo. Methods: A total of 240 preterm infants from NICU in 4 hospitals were randomly divided into probiotics group and control group. The incidence of severe NEC, sepsis, length of hospital stay and probiotics-related sepsis were compared between the two groups. Results: There were 121 cases in probiotics group and 119 cases in control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of sex, gestational age, birth weight, prenatal hormone, caesarean section, asphyxia and multiple births (P> 0.05). In probiotics group, there were 5 cases (4.13%) with NEC above stage II, 14 cases (7.33%) in control group with stage II NEC, and the probable NEC incidence in probiotics group was lower than that in control group (P <0.05). There were 7 cases of sepsis in probiotics group and 16 cases in control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Probiotics-related sepsis was not found in preterm infants. Conclusion: Preventive administration of probiotics in preterm infants can reduce the incidence of severe NEC, sepsis and shorten the length of hospital stay.