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资本存量估测分歧的关键在资本折旧率的选取,诸多文献将其取为常数,从而得到不同资本存量。运用DEA-Malmquist指数法在不同资本存量下对全要素生产率测算显示:(1)资本存量虽然差别很大,但以此估测的全要素生产率增长率及其分解几乎没有差别,资本存量准确估测的进一步发展应该建立在折旧率非常数的基础上。(2)常数折旧率下的估测显示,对全要素生产率提升的贡献,规模效率最大,之后依次是纯技术效率和技术进步,全要素生产率增长率在东、西、中部依次减弱。(3)折旧率实际并非常数,在常数折旧率估测下的结果存疑,仅作参考,但比较确定的是全要素生产率增长率在总体上低估,东部低估的程度高于中西部,并且技术进步尤其东部地区被低估的可能性很大。为了实现经济的转型升级,短期内,需要优化资源配置和推动全国市场统一,以提高技术效率;长期内,经济的可持续增长应逐步转向技术进步为主要动力,发挥东部地区技术进步的引擎作用。
The key to the disagreement of capital stock is the selection of the depreciation rate of capital. Many literatures take it as a constant to obtain different capital stock. The use of DEA-Malmquist index method to calculate total factor productivity under different capital stock shows that: (1) although the capital stock varies a lot, there is almost no difference between the TFP growth rate and its decomposition, and the accurate capital stock The further development of measurement should be based on the non-constant rate of depreciation. (2) Estimation under constant depreciation rate shows that the contribution to total factor productivity improvement is the largest in scale efficiency, followed by pure technical efficiency and technological progress, and the total factor productivity growth rate is weakened in the east, west and middle regions in turn. (3) The depreciation rate is not actually a constant. The result under the estimation of constant depreciation rate is only for reference. However, it is relatively certain that the growth rate of total factor productivity is generally underestimated, the degree of underestimation in the east is higher than that in the central and western regions, and There is a good chance that technological advances, especially the eastern region, will be undervalued. In the short term, we need to optimize resource allocation and promote market unity in order to improve technical efficiency. In the long term, the sustainable economic growth should gradually shift to technological progress as the main driving force and give play to the engine of technological progress in the eastern region .