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一 引论 本文要探讨的是翻译与文化的问题,探讨的对象以《红楼梦》的英译本为主,旁采其他中国小说的例子。本文分析原作的时候,曾运用语言学的知识;评价译文得失,则借用西方学者的翻译理论。探讨这个问题有几层意义:一、可以使我们深入了解翻译与文化的关系,尤其是跨文化翻译的问题。二、撇开印象式的翻译批评,把评论建立在语言学和翻译理论之上。三、检讨《红楼梦》英译的得失,从中吸取翻译经验。 翻译与文化这个问题极大,为了缩窄范围,本文打算把焦点集中在人名这个环节上(人名跟称谓分不开,但称谓花样繁多,容他文讨论,兹不详及)。阿瑟·书利(Arthur Waley,1889-1996)的《西游记》英译本Monkey这样处理人名:
I. INTRODUCTION This article is about the issues of translation and culture. The subjects of the study are mainly English versions of A Dream of Red Mansions, with examples of other Chinese novels. This article analyzes the original works, once used linguistic knowledge; evaluation of translation gains and losses, then borrow the Western scholar’s translation theory. There are several layers of significance in exploring this issue: First, we can gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between translation and culture, especially cross-cultural translation. Second, aside from the implicit translation criticism, the comment is based on linguistics and translation theory. Third, to review the pros and cons of English translation of A Dream of Red Mansions, learn from the translation experience. In order to narrow the scope, this article intends to focus on the name of the person (the name can not be separated from the appellation, but there are many kinds of names and terms, so I will not detail it). Arthur Waley (1889-1996) English translation of the "Journey to the West Monkey deal with names: