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目的:探讨低剂量电离辐射对工业射线探伤工人的遗传损伤效应。方法:选取重庆市某国有企业探伤工人31人为探伤组,招募年龄、性别构成和吸烟率无显著差异的健康服务行业人员49人作为对照组。采用热释光剂量计(TLD)对探伤人员进行个体剂量监测。微量全血培养的胞质分裂阻滞微核试验检测染色体损伤。采用Real-Time PCR分析线粒体DNA(mtDNA)拷贝数和超螺旋构象,长链PCR分析mtDNA的完整性,qRT-PCR分析线粒体转录因子A(TFAM)和过氧化酶体增殖受体γ轴共活化因子1α(PGC-1α)的mRNA水平。结果:探伤工人的辐射年有效剂量为(0.15±0.03)mSv/a,范围为(0.12~0.21)mSv/a。探伤组的微核率和核芽率均显著增加(P<0.01)。探伤组mt DNA拷贝数(40.04±24.99)与对照组(24.86±19.14)比较显著增加(P<0.05),探伤工人的mtDNA超螺旋构象有显著改变(P<0.05),探伤组mtDNA完整性(95.10±9.54)与对照组(313.51±14.58)相比明显降低(P<0.01),探伤组的TFAM和PGC-1α的mRNA水平均显著升高(P<0.01)。结论:探伤工人的辐射年有效剂量均值符合国家规定的放射职业接触标准。电离辐射职业暴露可引起探伤工人明显的染色体损伤和mtDNA损伤,需采取更安全有效的防护措施。
Objective: To investigate the genetic damage effects of low-dose ionizing radiation on industrial radiographic workers. Methods: Totally 31 people who were testing labors of a state-owned enterprise in Chongqing were selected as test group, and 49 health service workers who had no difference in age, gender composition and smoking rate were recruited as the control group. Flaw detectors are individually dosed with a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD). Detection of chromosome damage by micronucleus test of cytosolic block in trace whole blood culture. The mtDNA copy number and supercoiled conformation were analyzed by Real-Time PCR. The integrity of mtDNA was analyzed by long-chain PCR. The mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-axis co-activation Factor 1α (PGC-1α) mRNA levels. Results: The effective dose of radiation for testing workers was (0.15 ± 0.03) mSv / a in the range of (0.12 ~ 0.21) mSv / a. The micronucleus rate and the rate of nuclear buds in test group were significantly increased (P <0.01). The copy number of mtDNA in test group (40.04 ± 24.99) was significantly higher than that in control group (24.86 ± 19.14) (P <0.05), the conformation of mtDNA in test group was significantly changed (P <0.05) 95.10 ± 9.54) was significantly lower than that of the control group (313.51 ± 14.58) (P <0.01). The levels of TFAM and PGC-1α mRNA in the test group were significantly increased (P <0.01). Conclusion: The mean annual dose of radiation of testing workers is in line with the national standard of occupational exposure to radiation. Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation can cause significant chromosomal damage and mtDNA damage to the testing workers, requiring more safe and effective protection.