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袁世凯败亡后,黎元洪以副总统资格继任大总统,段祺瑞仍任国务总理。1916年8月1日,被袁世凯解散的旧国会复会后,形成了两派势力的斗争。一方是以进步党人组织的“宪法研究会”即研究系;另一方由原国民党议员组成的“宪法商榷会”即商榷系。黎元洪拉拢商榷系以限段,段祺瑞则勾结研究系以压黎,总统府与国务院之争愈演愈烈。1917年初因参战问题,双方矛盾更加尖锐,剑拔弩张。
After Yuan Shikai’s death, Li Yuanhong succeeded the president as Vice-President and Duan Qirui remained the prime minister. On August 1, 1916, after the resumption of the old Parliament, which was dissolved by Yuan Shikai, a struggle between the two factions took shape. One is organized by the Progressive Party “Constitutional Research Association ” that is, the other is composed of the former members of the Kuomintang “constitutional deliberations ” that is open to question. Li Yuanhong draw discussion to limit the paragraph, paragraph Qi Rui collusion with the Department of Research to pressure Li, the presidential palace and the State Department battle intensified. Due to the issue of participating in the war in early 1917, the contradictions between the two sides were even more acute and they were tense.