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胰岛素抵抗是Ⅱ型糖尿病的病理基础之一,近年来已成为Ⅱ型糖尿病研究的关键和热点.众多研究发现,机体内鞘脂类物质水平的改变直接影响胰岛素信号的强弱.神经酰胺和神经节苷脂GM3对胰岛素信号具有负向调控作用,介导胰岛素抵抗的形成,该调节效应依赖于细胞膜上微囊蛋白.1-磷酸鞘氨醇则通过氧化还原途径增强胰岛素信号.微囊蛋白功能性活动和1-磷酸鞘氨醇的介导作用均与钙信号相关,因此,可通过实时检测细胞外钙内流和细胞内钙瞬间变化,从离子通道水平进一步探索鞘脂类调节胰岛素信号的相关机制.本文综述了鞘脂类物质调控胰岛素信号的机制,干预鞘脂类水平和改善胰岛素抵抗的策略,将为鞘脂类物质在Ⅱ型糖尿病预防和治疗的研究及应用提供有力的帮助.
Insulin resistance is one of the pathological basis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which has become the key and hot point in the study of type 2 diabetes in recent years.Many studies have found that the changes of sphingolipid levels in the body directly affect the strength of insulin signaling.Ceramides and nerves Ganglioside GM3 has a negative regulatory effect on insulin signaling and mediates the formation of insulin resistance, which is dependent on the microencapsulated proteins on the cell membrane. Sphingosine-1 -phosphate enhances insulin signaling through the redox pathway. Sexual activity and sphingosine-1-phosphate mediation are all related to calcium signaling. Therefore, the effect of sphingolipid regulation of insulin signaling can be further explored from the ion channel level through real-time detection of extracellular calcium influx and intracellular calcium changes This review summarizes the mechanism of sphingolipid regulation of insulin signaling, the intervention of sphingolipid levels and the strategy of improving insulin resistance, which will be of great help to the research and application of sphingolipid in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.