卡介苗是目前预防分枝杆菌感染的唯一有效菌苗.自1921年以来,经皮接种与皮内接种已逐步取代口服免疫,但还没有比较过这两种接种方法预防分枝杆菌疾病的能力.本研究的目的就是比较不同接种途径对分枝杆菌特异性免疫的影响.将健康志愿者随机分组,分别采用经皮接种法(多刺法)与皮内注射法接种卡介苗.结果显示,接种后3个月,皮内接种组83%出现迟发型超敏反应(DTH).而经皮接种组仅40%出现DTH,且反应原性比皮内接种组低,接种部位红晕、疼痛或触痛和溢脓的持续时间也显著短于皮内接种组.体外试验表明,接种后经皮接种组对分枝杆菌抗原的淋巴细胞增殖应答不明显,而在皮内接种组的外周血中可发现淋巴细胞增殖.细胞因子诱导测定显示,接种后皮内接种组的γ干扰素(INF-γ)水平有所上升,而两种方法接种前 Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only active vaccine currently available to prevent mycobacterial infection, and since 1921, there has been a gradual replacement of oral immunization with transdermal and intradermal inoculations, but the ability of both vaccination methods to prevent mycobacterial disease has not been compared. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different routes of vaccination on the mycobacterial-specific immunity.May healthy volunteers were randomly divided into groups and inoculated BCG by percutaneous inoculation (prick method) and intradermal injection respectively.The results showed that after inoculation In 3 months, 83% of patients in the intradermal vaccination experienced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), whereas only 40% of those in the transdermal inoculation group developed DTH and had less responsiveness than the intradermal vaccination group, with flushing, pain, or tenderness at the site of vaccination And the duration of empyema was also significantly shorter than the intradermal vaccination group.In vitro tests showed that after vaccination percutaneous inoculation group on mycobacterial antigen lymphocyte proliferation was not obvious, but in the intradermal vaccination group can be found in the peripheral blood Lymphocyte proliferation. Cytokine-induced assay showed that the level of IFN-γ in the intradermal vaccination group increased after inoculation, while the two methods before inoculation