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日本肝胆胰外科学会（JSHBPS）于2007年出版第一版胆道肿瘤（胆管癌、胆囊癌及壶腹癌）临床实践指南，于2014年更新第二版，2021年英文第三版胆道肿瘤临床实践指南围绕6个主题提出若干临床问题，基于相关循证医学证据并组织专家讨论后，最终确定推荐意见、推荐强度以及推荐说明。根据证据推荐分级的评估、制订与评价（GRADE）系统，推荐强度被分为1级（强）或者2级（弱）。英文第三版胆道肿瘤临床实践指南中提出的31个临床问题涵盖：（1）预防性治疗；（2）诊断；（3）胆道引流；（4）外科治疗；（5）化疗；（6）放疗。31个临床问题中，14个问题给予推荐强度为强的推荐意见，14个问题给予推荐强度为弱的推荐意见，剩余的3个问题未给予推荐意见。每条推荐意见都进行推荐强度说明。最新版指南基于循证医学证据，为临床提供了重要建议。未来与癌症登记数据库协作将是评估指南和建立新证据的关键。“,”The Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery launched the clinical practice guidelines for the management of biliary tract cancers (cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and ampullary cancer) in 2007, then published the 2nd version in 2014. In this 3rd version, clinical questions (CQs) were proposed on six topics. The recommendation, grade for recommendation, and statement for each CQ were discussed and finalized by an evidence-based approach. Recommendations were graded as grade 1 (strong) or grade 2 (weak) according to the concepts of the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation system. The 31 CQs covered the six topics: (1) prophylactic treatment, (2) diagnosis, (3) biliary drainage, (4) surgical treatment, (5) chemotherapy, and (6) radiation therapy. In the 31 CQs, 14 recommendations were rated strong and 14 recommendations weak. The remaining three CQs had no recommendation. Each CQ includes a statement of how the recommendations were graded. This latest guideline provides recommendations for important clinical aspects based on evidence. Future collaboration with the cancer registry will be key for assessing the guidelines and establishing new evidence.