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从古生代以来,江苏盆地是一个长期持续沉降的构造单元。其基底主要是由元古界浅变质片岩、千枚岩等组成。古生代和新生代的沉积盆地都很发育,因此一直被认为是一个找油有利的地区。阿尔卑斯运动以来,中国大陆发生了重大的构造转变。在新的运动体制中,江苏盆地沉降位置向北迁移,在长江以北发育形成大型的新生代陆相盆地,与江南的以古生代地台海盆为主的构造体制显然不同。这种属于两个世代,两种体制的构造演化,决定了江苏盆地在不同部位具有不同的油气生成,聚集条件或勘探远景(图1)。
Since the Paleozoic, the Jiangsu Basin has been a tectonic unit with long-term subsidence. Its basement is mainly composed of Proterozoic metamorphic schist and phyllite. Paleozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary basins are well developed and therefore have long been considered a favored area. Since the Alps movement, major structural changes have taken place in mainland China. In the new movement system, the subsidence of the Jiangsu Basin migrated to the north and developed into a large Cenozoic continental basin to the north of the Yangtze River, which is obviously different from the structural system dominated by the Paleozoic platform basin in the south of the Yangtze River. The tectonic evolution of the two systems, which belonged to two generations, determined that the Jiangsu Basin had different hydrocarbon generation and accumulation conditions or exploration prospects at different sites (Figure 1).