目的:了解运动员在高原训练过程中血液中内皮素(ET)-1/一氧化氮(NO)变化规律,探索用血液ET-1/NO预测高原训练效果的可行性。方法:采用Association-Study研究方法,测定15名大学生游泳运动员21天高原训练前后最佳专项成绩,以及高原训练前1周,抵达高原第2、8、15天,下高原后第3天晨起血液红细胞数、血红蛋白、血清ET-1、NO、肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿酸(BU)、皮质醇、睾酮。计算高原第2天各指标的变化率(%)与高原训练前后专项成绩变化率的相关系数,以相关系数最大且达到统计学显著性水平的指标作为分组指标,比较高原第2天与高原训练前该指标的变化,将受试者分成该指标升高组和下降组,分析两组各项指标的组间差异。结果:(1)高原训练前、中、后血清CK平均值最高163.9 U/L,BU平均值最高5.13 mmol/L;(2)上高原后第2天晨起测得的血清ET-1变化率与运动员高原训练前后专项成绩的变化率显著负相关(r=-0.782,P=0.001);高原第2天血清睾酮变化率与高原训练成绩变化率显著正相关(r=0.577,P=0.024);(3)将受试者依高原第2天血清ET-1升高或下降分两组,发现高原训练期间:ET-1下降组血清ET-1显著低于高原训练前,第2、8、15天下降幅度分别为35.7%、16.1%和55.0%;NO则与高原训练前后均无明显差异;血红细胞数与血红蛋白升高幅度分别为2.7%~3.7%、1.3%~1.7%;血清睾酮在高原训练第2天显著升高,升幅39.5%,第8、15天逐渐下降,与高原训练前后的水平无显著差异。ET-1升高组高原第2天血清ET-1、NO显著升高,升幅分别达到82.4%和59.0%,高原第8和15天则逐渐下降,与高原训练前后均无明显差异;红细胞数与血红蛋白略有升高,升高幅度分别为3.5%~3.9%、1.6%~2.2%;血清睾酮在高原训练第2天无明显变化,第8、15天分别升高49.1%和65.7%,显著高于高原训练前水平。结论:运动员上高原后次日晨血清ET-1下降、血清睾酮升高及高原训练期间血清ET-1/NO下降表明运动员低氧习服快,有利于提高高原训练的成功率,可作为评估运动员低氧习服程度的指标。 OBJECTIVE: To understand the changes of ET-1 / NO in blood during the training of high altitude athletes and to explore the feasibility of using ET-1 / NO in blood to predict the effect of altitude training. Methods: The Association-Study method was used to determine the best special performance of 15 college swimmers before and after 21 days of altitude training and one week before altitude training, and arrived on the 2nd, 8th and 15th days of plateau, Blood red blood cell count, hemoglobin, serum ET-1, NO, creatine kinase (CK), serum uric acid (BU), cortisol, testosterone. The correlation coefficient between the rate of change (%) of each index and the rate of change of special grade before and after plateau training was calculated. The index with the highest correlation coefficient and the level of statistical significance was taken as the grouping index. Compared with the plateau training Before the change of the index, the subjects were divided into the index rising group and the decreasing group, and the differences between the two groups were analyzed. Results: (1) The average serum CK was 163.9 U / L before and after plateau training, and the highest BU was 5.13 mmol / L. (2) The change of serum ET-1 (R = -0.782, P = 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between the rate of change of serum testosterone and the rate of change of plateau training on the second day after plateau training (r = 0.577, P = 0.024 (3) Subjects were divided into two groups according to the increase or decrease of serum ET-1 on the second day of plateau. During the plateau training period, ET-1 in ET-1 descended significantly lower than that before training, The decline rates were 35.7%, 16.1% and 55.0% on the 8th and 15th days, respectively. There was no significant difference between NO and altitude before training. The numbers of red blood cells and hemoglobin were increased by 2.7% -3.7% and 1.3% -1.7%, respectively. Serum testosterone increased significantly on the second day of plateau training, increasing by 39.5%, decreasing gradually on the 8th and 15th days, which was not significantly different from that before and after training. The levels of ET-1 and NO in serum of ET-1 elevated plateau increased significantly by 82.4% and 59.0% respectively on the second day, and decreased on the 8th and 15th day of plateau, with no significant difference between before and after training And hemoglobin increased slightly from 3.5% to 3.9% and 1.6% to 2.2%, respectively. Serum testosterone had no significant change on the second day of plateau training, increased 49.1% and 65.7% respectively on the 8th and 15th days, Significantly higher than the level before training. Conclusion: The decrease of serum ET-1, the increase of serum testosterone and the decrease of serum ET-1 / NO during the high altitude training on athletes on the plateau in the next morning indicate that the athletes’ hypoxia acclimation is quick and can improve the success rate of plateau training and can be used as an assessment Athletes hypoxemia degree of indicators.