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高速列车车体的结构疲劳问题,关键还是轻量化设计导致的强度、刚度和寿命变化后产生的问题。论文提出一种新混合模拟技术,主要是结合多学科优化系统理论,采用并行优化算法,进行结构疲劳可靠性设计。核心是利用多体动力学和有限元法混合模拟技术在进行结构疲劳设计时考虑整车动力学特性,分析线路典型工况下结构振动特性和结构疲劳损伤之间的作用机理,考虑典型载荷工况和其他不确定因素影响。并且采用随机统计概率方法和多目标优化手段进行结构疲劳设计。以某型高速车体结构作为算例,并通过试验验证。仿真计算结果表明,这种方法可以从整车动态特性的角度系统研究车辆振动特性和结构疲劳性能之间的相互作用机理,还可以及时有效地解决工程结构疲劳设计优化的问题。
The key problem of structural fatigue of high-speed train body is the problem of strength, rigidity and change of life caused by lightweight design. This paper presents a new hybrid simulation technology, which is based on the theory of multidisciplinary optimization system and adopts the parallel optimization algorithm to design the structural fatigue reliability. The core is to use multi-body dynamics and finite element method to simulate the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle during structural fatigue design, and to analyze the mechanism of the interaction between structural vibration characteristics and structural fatigue damage under typical conditions of the line. Considering the typical load Conditions and other uncertainties. And the stochastic statistical probability method and multi-objective optimization method are used to design the fatigue structure. Taking a type of high-speed vehicle body structure as an example, and through the test verification. The simulation results show that this method can systematically study the interaction mechanism between vehicle vibration characteristics and structural fatigue performance from the perspective of vehicle dynamic characteristics, and can also solve the problem of fatigue design optimization in engineering structures timely and effectively.