本文试图以马克思的商品理论为指导,就商品产生和存在的原因问题,与樊季刚同志商榷。一商品,从它产生以来,历经了几个不同的社会。在社会主义社会的经济运动中,它仍不可遏制地出现了。究竟是什么原因(什么样的经济条件)决定产品转化为商品?究竟为什么社会主义社会还必然存在着商品生产?这个问题,从社会主义诞生到现在,一直是社会主义政治经济学的争论焦点之一。如果从本世纪二十年代列宁和布哈林的论争算起,至今已达六十年。多年来,国内外学者对此进行探讨,提出了不少见解。《中国社会科学》一九八○年第二期,樊季刚同志《商品产生和存在原因的再探讨》(以下简称《再探讨》)的文章,分析了商品经济萌芽、产生、发展和消亡的全过程,提出:人们在生产发展的一定历史阶段必然造成的劳动本质差别,是商品产生和存在的原因。何为劳动本质差别呢?文中曰:一是劳动者的“劳动是异质的”(即劳动的具体形态的多样化);二是劳动者的“劳动又是异量的”(即劳动者在生产中付出劳动 This article attempts to Marx’s theory of goods as a guide to the production and existence of the reasons for the problem, to discuss with Fan Jigang. A commodity, after its birth, has undergone several different societies. In the economic movement of socialism, it still can not be stopped. What exactly is the reason (what kind of economic conditions) decides whether a product is converted into a commodity or not? What is the question of why there must be a commodity production in a socialist society? From the birth of socialism to the present, it has always been the focus of controversy in socialist political economics one. It has been sixty years since the debates between Lenin and Bukharin in the 1920s. Over the years, scholars at home and abroad to explore this, made a lot of opinions. The article “China Social Sciences”, the second issue of 1980, Comrade Fan Jigang’s “Re-discussion on the Cause of Commodity Production and Its Existence” (hereinafter referred to as the “Re-discussion”) analyzes the whole issue of the sprout, generation, development and demise of commodity economy Process, put forward: People in a certain historical stage of production and development inevitably caused by the essential differences in labor is the reason for the emergence and existence of goods. What is the difference between the essence of labor? The article said: First, workers ’“labor is heterogeneous” (that is, the diversity of specific forms of labor); second, the workers’ “labor is different” (ie laborers Work in production