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院前急救,是指医护人员对伤病员从事发地(一般是患者居住地)到医院之前进行现场抢救、监护、运送的过程,是医疗卫生事业和社会保障体系的重要组成部分。我国急救实践中由于体制政策和相关立法的不完备,仍存在严重威胁患者的人身及财产权利的现象。在患者权利保护方面的立法存在患者民事权利界定模糊、患者隐私权受侵害、患者知情权未受保护等诸多问题关于患者精神赔偿、患者隐私权、知情权的立法还有很大的局限性,这些局限性对于急救当中患者的权利造成了很大的侵害。通过对欧洲国家院前急救立法实践以及立法理念进行分析,对于加强和完善关于我国急救中患者权利的相关政策提供了很好的借鉴。
Prehospital first aid refers to the process of on-site rescue, guardianship and delivery before the wounded and sick are sent to the hospital (usually the patient’s place of residence) and is an important part of the medical and health undertaking and the social security system. Due to the incomplete system and policy and related legislation in the practice of first aid, there are still some serious threats to the personal and property rights of patients. Legislation in the protection of patients ’rights has many problems such as ambiguous definition of civil rights, infringement of patient’s right of privacy and unprotected patient’s right to know, and there are still some limitations on the legislation of patients’ mental compensation, patient’s privacy and right to information. Limitations have caused a significant infringement of the rights of patients during first aid. By analyzing the pre-hospital emergency legislative practice and legislative ideas in European countries, it provides a good reference for strengthening and improving relevant policies on the rights of patients in first aid.