目的为了解宜昌市城区狂犬病暴露人群对狂犬病防治相关知识的知晓情况,评价健康教育干预效果,为制定有效的健康教育策略提供参考。方法 2015年8~10月对前来宜昌市疾控中心狂犬病预防处置专科门诊就诊的成年人(年龄≥18岁)暴露者采用随机抽样的方法选择调查对象,采取每针次接种前集中授课、一对一健康宣教及利用短信发送接种提醒的健康教育模式,将干预前、后同一问卷的调查结果进行比较。结果干预前,调查对象的知晓率最低项仅为14.33%;干预后,对各项知识的知晓率均高于80%(P<0.01)。对狂犬病的传染源、暴露后伤口处理的方法及接种疫苗的时效性等知晓率明显提高,知晓率分别上升32.34%、156.28%、228.19%,前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。对就医及预防狂犬病的态度认同率、行为形成率均由干预前的不到50.00%上升到90.00%左右,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。知识获取途径由主要以普通大众传媒渠道获取(56.00%),转向为由医护专业人士及专业书籍途径获取(72.33%)。结论采用集中宣传、一对一个性化教育相结合的模式对狂犬病暴露人群实施健康干预及健康管理,提高了该人群对相关知识的认知水平及对该病的重视程度。 Objective To understand the knowledge about rabies in people exposed to rabies in urban area of ​​Yichang and to evaluate the effects of health education intervention so as to provide reference for the development of effective health education strategies. Methods From August to October 2015, adults who were older (≥18 years old) who came to Yichang CDC Rabies Disposal Specialist outpatient service were selected by random sampling method to select the subjects to take pre-vaccination, One-on-one health education and health education mode using SMS to send inoculation reminder to compare the survey results of the same questionnaire before and after intervention. Results Before the intervention, the lowest awareness rate of the respondents was only 14.33%. After the intervention, the awareness of each knowledge was higher than 80% (P <0.01). The awareness rate of rabies infection sources, post-exposure wound treatments and timeliness of vaccination increased significantly with the awareness rate rising by 32.34%, 156.28% and 228.19%, respectively (all P <0.01). The rates of attitude acceptance and prevention of rabies were all increased from less than 50.00% to 90.00% before intervention, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Access to knowledge was obtained mainly through the mass media channel (56.00%) and was shifted to healthcare professionals and professional books (72.33%). Conclusion The mode of combining publicity and one-to-one personalized education implements health intervention and health management on rabies exposed people, and enhances the cognition level of the related knowledge and the emphasis on the disease.