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欧盟委员会根据成员政府资助是否授予接受者不公平的竞争优势来区分“一般”基础设施和“特定使用者”基础设施,并分别在使用者、所有者/管理者及所有者/管理者的股东三大层面上,形成判断竞争优势的公开使用原则、国家职责原则、公开招投标原则、私人投资者原则和低利润原则。此外,基于协调保护竞争与其他社会目标及克服市场失灵的现实需要,欧盟委员会豁免为促进某一经济活动或区域发展以及为一般经济利益提供服务的“特定使用者”基础设施。
The European Commission differentiates between “general” infrastructures and “specific users” infrastructures based on whether member government grants give recipients an unfair competitive advantage and distinguishes between users, owners / managers and owners / On the three levels of shareholders, managers form the principle of open use, the principle of state responsibility, the principle of open bidding, the principle of private investor and the principle of low profit to judge the competitive advantage. In addition, the European Commission exempts the “user-specific” infrastructure that promotes economic activities or regional development and services for the general economy on the basis of the need to coordinate the protection of competition with other social objectives and to overcome market failures.