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国企里产生富豪,这恐怕是改革开放20多年来,各级政府及国有企业领导人心中盼望而又忌讳提及的事。根本原因在于,“富豪”能够产生的一个基本前提是所有权的界定,而这恰恰是中国国有企业的软肋。 如果说,企业是各种契约的集合,那么中国的国有企业却是在普遍缺少原始性合约的历史条件下发展至今的。谁对过去积累下的存量资产稍有染指之意,就有侵吞国资之嫌。这种方式目前几乎没有成功的——其倡导者基本都“犯了事”。而谁要用未来的增量来解决历史问题就要看“机会”了。 从这个角度看,TCL和李东生是幸运的。
The generation of rich people in state-owned enterprises is probably something that leaders of governments at all levels and state-owned enterprises hope and taboo to mention during the past 20 years of reform and opening up. The fundamental reason is that the basic premise that the “rich man” can produce is the definition of ownership, which is precisely the weakness of China’s state-owned enterprises. If we say that corporations are a collection of various kinds of contracts, then state-owned enterprises in China are still developing under the historical conditions that generally lack original contracts. Whoever misrepresents the stock assets accumulated in the past, is suspected of embezzlement of state-owned assets. This approach is currently almost unsuccessful - its advocates are basically “offenders.” Whoever wants to solve the historical problem with the future increment depends on the “opportunity”. From this perspective, TCL and Li Dongsheng are fortunate.