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最初由法国哲学家安东尼·特拉西提出的“意识形态”一词意指“关于观念的科学”。马克思、恩格斯借用了这一概念,并从生产力发展、劳动分工及所有制的关系等唯物史观视域对意识形态进行剖析并赋予其新的含义。作为社会主义道德基本原则的集体主义属于社会主义意识形态,它的产生和发展具有一定的规律,与生产力、分工及所有制密不可分。在社会主义市场经济条件下,个体和集体的关系受到冲击,集体主义原则遇到巨大挑战,马克思和恩格斯对意识形态的唯物史观视域的分析为解决这些问题和困惑提供了启发与借鉴。
The term “ideology” first proposed by the French philosopher Anthony Tracy refers to “science about ideas.” Marx and Engels borrowed this concept and analyzed the ideology and gave it a new meaning from the perspective of historical materialism such as the development of productive forces, the division of labor and the ownership. Collectivism, which is the basic principle of socialist morality, belongs to the socialist ideology. Its emergence and development have certain laws and are inseparable from productivity, labor division and all system of government. Under the condition of socialist market economy, the relations between individuals and collectives are impacted, and the collectivism principle encounters enormous challenges. The analysis of Marx and Engels’s horizon of the historical materialism provides an inspiration and reference for solving these problems and confusion.