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[目的]分析长期职业性锰尘和粉尘暴露对工人肺功能的影响,评价锰尘累积暴露与肺功能的剂量-效应关系。[方法]于2011年对广西某锰冶炼厂280名男性工人进行调查,并回顾性收集历年各车间锰、粉尘浓度监测资料和2006年与2010年工人肺功能检测结果;根据各车间锰、粉尘浓度和接触工龄分别计算出截至2006年与2010年的锰、粉尘累积暴露量。[结果]该厂锰作业工人2010年各项肺功能指标均值均低于2006年检测值,其中用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒时间肺活量(FEV1)、最高吸气流量(PIF)、75%呼气流速(MEF75)降低明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);锰作业工人2006年时锰作业工龄平均为(14.27±6.48)年,FVC、FEV1、MEF75与粉尘累积暴露量负相关(P<0.05),肺功能各指标与锰累积暴露量均无相关关系(P>0.05);2010年时锰作业工人工龄平均为(18.05±6.41)年,FVC、FEV1与粉尘累积暴露量负相关,最高呼气流量(PEF)、MEF75、50%呼气流速(MEF50)与锰累积暴露量负相关(P<0.05)。[结论]职业性锰尘长期累积暴露与肺功能降低有剂量-效应关系。
[Objective] To analyze the influence of long-term occupational manganese dust and dust exposure on lung function of workers and to evaluate the dose-response relationship between cumulative exposure of manganese dust and lung function. [Method] A total of 280 male workers from a manganese smelter in Guangxi were surveyed in 2011. Monitoring data of manganese and dust concentration in each workshop over the years and lung function test results of workers in 2006 and 2010 were retrospectively collected. According to the results of manganese, dust Concentrations and exposure ages were calculated as cumulative exposure to manganese and dust as of 2006 and 2010 respectively. [Results] The mean values of all indexes of lung function of manganese workers in this plant in 2010 were all lower than the values measured in 2006, including FVC, FEV1, PIF, 75% (MEF75) decreased significantly (P <0.05). The average Mn working hours of manganese workers in 2006 was (14.27 ± 6.48) years, and the negative correlation between FVC, FEV1 and MEF75 and cumulative dust exposure (P <0.05). There was no correlation between the indexes of lung function and cumulative manganese exposure (P> 0.05). In 2010, the average working age of manganese workers was (18.05 ± 6.41) years. The cumulative exposure of FVC, FEV1 and dust Correlation, maximum expiratory flow (PEF), MEF75, 50% expired air flow (MEF50) were negatively correlated with cumulative manganese exposure (P <0.05). [Conclusion] Long-term cumulative exposure to occupational manganese dust has a dose-effect relationship with decreased pulmonary function.