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目的分析子宫内膜异位囊肿(OEM)患者的发病特征及影响因素。方法采用病例对照研究方案,调查2015年1月-2016年1月该院妇产科收治的OEM患者共293例为OEM组,以同期住院的其他附件良性囊肿患者240例为对照组,使用自编的调查问卷表对患者基线资料和临床资料进行分析。结果单因素研究发现,职业、初潮年龄、月经周期、月经量、经期、既往痛经史和子宫腺肌病史在两组患者间分布的差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=10.180、5.078、8.735、36.770、9.963、54.308、10.243,P<0.05),年龄、血型和子宫肌瘤病史在两组间的差异无统计学意义(χ~2=6.702、0.255、3.626,P>0.05)。多因素分析结果发现:脑力劳动者、月经量多、经期>7 d和既往痛经史是OEM发病的危险因素,初潮年龄>12岁是OEM的保护因素。结论脑力劳动者、月经量多、经期>7 d和既往痛经史是OEM发病的危险因素,初潮年龄>12岁是OEM的保护因素。加强女性健康教育、调节月经规律能够减少OEM的发生风险。
Objective To analyze the incidence and influencing factors of patients with endometriosis (OEM). Methods A case-control study was conducted. A total of 293 OEM patients treated in the obstetrics and gynecology department from January 2015 to January 2016 were enrolled as OEM group. 240 patients with benign cystadenocarcinoma who were hospitalized in the same period were selected as controls The compiled questionnaire to analyze the baseline data and clinical data of patients. Results According to the single factor study, there were significant differences in the distribution of occupation, menarche age, menstrual cycle, menstrual flow, menstrual cycle, previous dysmenorrhea history and adenomyosis between the two groups (χ ~ 2 = 10.180, 5.078 and 8.735 , 36.770,9.963,54.308,10.243, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in age, blood type and uterine myoma between the two groups (χ ~ 2 = 6.702,0.255,3.626, P> 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that: mental workers, menorrhagia, menstrual> 7 d and history of previous dysmenorrhea is a risk factor for the onset of OEM, menarche age> 12 years old is the OEM protection factor. Conclusion Mental workers, menorrhagia, menstruation> 7 days and previous history of dysmenorrhea are risk factors for OEM onset. Menarche age> 12 years is the protective factor of OEM. Strengthening female health education, regulating menstrual rules can reduce the risk of OEM.