“以义制利”的商业道德在先秦时期孔子就已提出。在孔子看来,对利的追求符合人的本性。但这种对利的角逐若危及到社会及经济交往的秩序时,就应该用道德规范加以限制。他提出的“义”这个道德规则,是用“义”来约束社会中互动的人们之间所可能出现的机会主义,这就是人们在交往 In the pre-Qin period, Confucius had put forward the business ethics of “righteousness and profit”. In Confucius’s view, the pursuit of profit conforms to human nature. However, if the competition for profit threatens the order of social and economic exchanges, it should be restricted by moral norms. The ethical rule of “righteousness” proposed by him is that “righteousness” can be used to restrict opportunism that may arise between people who interact in society. This is how people interact