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目的通过对2010—2012年北京市怀柔区手足口病病原学监测分析,了解该地区手足口病的流行趋势,为手足口病的防治提供科学依据。方法采集2010—2012年4—11月怀柔区手足口病患儿的咽拭子标本,进行肠道病毒核酸检测。并对结果进行统计学分析。结果 634例报告病例中,核酸阳性550例,总阳性率为86.75%;其中肠道病毒71型(EV71)和柯萨奇病毒A组16型(CA16)阳性检出率分别为36.75%、40.38%。发病主要集中在1~5岁儿童,以散居儿童和托幼儿童为主,占90.85%。2012年手足口病发病人数显著增多。2010年手足口病的发病高峰在4—6月,2011年为9—11月,2012年出现2个发病高峰,分别为5—7、10—11月。结论怀柔区手足口病病原体以EV71和CA16为主,3年的流行优势毒株、发病高峰略有不同,因此应做好对此病病原学的长期监测工作,以便早期发现流行毒株变化情况。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological analysis of hand-foot-mouth disease in Huairou District of Beijing from 2010 to 2012 so as to understand the prevalence of hand-foot-mouth disease and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods Throat swab specimens from children with hand-foot-mouth disease in Huairou district from April to November in 2010-2012 were collected for detection of enterovirus nucleic acid. The results were statistically analyzed. Results Of the 634 reported cases, 550 were positive for nucleic acid and the overall positive rate was 86.75%. The positive rates of EV71 and Cox-16 in CA16 were 36.75% and 40.38 %. The incidence mainly concentrated in children aged 1 to 5, mainly to scattered children and nurseries, accounting for 90.85%. In 2012, the number of HFMD patients increased significantly. The incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease in 2010 peaked from April to June, 2011 was from September to November, and two peaked in 2012, respectively, 5-7, 10-11 months. Conclusion The pathogens of hand-foot-mouth disease in Huairou district are mainly EV71 and CA16, and the prevalence of the three-year prevalence strains is slightly different. Therefore, long-term monitoring of the etiology of the disease should be done so that the change of epidemic strains can be detected early .