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1960年以来,法国机动性发生了巨大变化。每人出行里程的增加值数倍于1950年之前所观测的增长数。这些变化聚焦于人们的出行行为,并通过调查可以观察得到,同时,这些变化也致力阐明演变机制中的个人意愿和责任。另一方面,聚焦于个人行为并不意味着人们是这一变化的主要决定者。政治立场、社会代表性、与城市化节奏相关的需求、投资政策等等,对形成今天的机动性都起到了关键作用。本文将所谓的“需求方”和“供给方”整合于同一视角,我们将首先描述1960年和2000年机动性系统的统计特征,然后将其划分为三个时期。针对每一个时期,集中讨论三个问题:居民的观念和需求、决策者对形势的理解、机动性领域向研究者提出的问题。然后我们聚焦于法兰西岛地区,一个拥有1200万人口的大都市区域。
Since 1960, the mobility of France has undergone tremendous changes. The added mileage per person traveled multiples of the growth observed before 1950. These changes focus on people’s travel behavior and can be observed through surveys. At the same time, these changes are also devoted to clarifying the individual’s wishes and responsibilities in the evolutionary mechanism. On the other hand, focusing on individual behavior does not mean that people are the main determinants of this change. Political positions, social representation, needs related to the pace of urbanization, investment policies, etc. all play a key role in shaping today’s mobility. In this paper, we combine the so-called “demand side ” with the “supplier ” in the same perspective. We will first describe the statistical characteristics of the mobility system in 1960 and 2000 and then divide it into three periods. For each period, we focus on three issues: the concept and needs of residents, the understanding of the situation by decision-makers and the questions raised by researchers in the field of mobility. We then focus on the Ile-de-France region, a metropolitan area of 12 million people.