为了利用纤维素降解菌促进作物秸秆快速腐解还田,解决秸秆资源浪费和污染环境问题,进行了高效秸秆纤维素降解微生物的筛选和降解效果研究.采用固体平板和液体摇瓶培养,从黑龙江黑土样品中筛选出1株能够降解羧甲基纤维素、秸秆木质纤维素、高产纤维素酶的丝状真菌Y5,通过形态学观察和ITS rDNA序列分析对该真菌进行了初步鉴定.利用DNS还原糖方法,对菌株在不同的培养时间、纤维素类型、氮源种类以及初始pH值情况下纤维素酶活力进行了研究.采用失重法、液体摇瓶法对菌株降解小麦秸秆的能力进行了研究.结果表明,筛选的秸秆降解菌株Y5经鉴定为赭绿青霉(Penicilliumochrochloron).菌株Y5液体培养4 d的全酶活(FPA)和内切酶活(EG)最高,分别为53 IU/mL和55 IU/mL,比对照菌株(绿色木霉AS3.3711)高出22.6%和18.2%;Y5菌株以小麦秸秆为作用底物时的酶活最高,2种酶活分别比对照菌株提高27.5%和24.8%;以NaNO3为氮源时酶活性最大,FPA和EG比菌株AS3.3711分别提高35.7%和14.9%;培养液初始pH为6时全酶活最大为51.4 IU/mL.菌株Y5培养10 d降解小麦秸秆纤维素、半纤维素、木质素分别达到了43.5%、49.7%和9.3%,对小麦秸秆纤维素与半纤维素降解能力强.赭绿青霉Y5对小麦秸秆纤维素具有很强的降解能力,其纤维素酶活高于已报道的菌株,该菌株的获得为秸秆降解菌剂的研究与应用提供了具有较高潜力的菌种. In order to use cellulose degrading bacteria to promote the rapid decomposition of crop stalks and to solve the problem of waste of straw resources and pollution of the environment, the screening and degrading effects of high efficient straw cellulose degrading microorganisms were studied.Using solid plates and liquid shake flask culture, A strain of filamentous fungi Y5 degrading carboxymethylcellulose, straw lignocellulose and cellulase was screened from black soil samples, and the fungi were initially identified by morphological observation and ITS rDNA sequence analysis. Sugar method were used to study the cellulase activity under different cultivation time, cellulose type, nitrogen source and initial pH value.Using the weight loss method and liquid shake flask method, the ability of strain to degrade wheat straw was studied The results showed that the screened straw degrading strain Y5 was identified as Penicillium chloramphenicol and strain Y5 had the highest total enzyme activity (FPA) and endonuclease activity (EG) at 53 dU / mL And 55 IU / mL, respectively, which were 22.6% and 18.2% higher than that of the control strain (Trichoderma viride AS3.3711). The activity of Y5 strain was the highest when wheat straw was substrate, Strain increased by 27.5% and 24.8% respectively. When NaNO3 was used as nitrogen source, the enzyme activity was the highest, FPA and EG were 35.7% and 14.9% higher than that of strain AS3.3711 respectively. The maximum total enzyme activity was 51.4 IU / mL Strain Y5 degraded 10 days of wheat straw cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin reached 43.5%, 49.7% and 9.3%, respectively, and had a strong ability to degrade wheat straw cellulose and hemicellulose. Straw cellulose has a strong ability to degrade, and its cellulase activity is higher than that of the reported strains. The obtain of the strain provides a strain with high potential for the study and application of straw degrading bacteria.